E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption Research Paper - 41800 Words

Economic Benefits of E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption (Research Paper Sample) Content: Economic Benefits of E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption(Students Name)(Course Title)(Name of University) (Date of Submission) Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604377"
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc374604377 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604378"
1.0 Overview  PAGEREF _Toc374604378 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604379"
1.1 Background of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604379 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604380"
1.1.1 The Global Economy and E-Commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604380 \h
9e]\ HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604381"
1.1.2 E-commerce as a Multifaceted Innovation  PAGEREF _Toc374604381 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604382"
1.1.3 Digital Divide and ICT in Developing Countries  PAGEREF _Toc374604382 \h
15 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604383"
1.1.4 Population and Demography in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604383 \h
19 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604384"
1.1.5 Culture in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604384 \h
19 HYPERLI NK \l "_Toc374604385"
1.1.6 ICT Sector in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604385 \h
20 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604386"
1.1.7 Economy in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604386 \h
22 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604387"
1.2 Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc374604387 \h
23 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604388"
1.3 Research Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc374604388 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604389"
1.4 Research Questions  PAGEREF _Toc374604389 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604390"
1.5 Significance of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604390 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604391"
1.6 Definition of Terms  PAGEREF _Toc374604391 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604392"
1.7 Organization of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604392 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604393"
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW  PAGEREF _Toc374604393 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604394"
2.1 Theoretical Overview  PAGEREF _Toc374604394 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604395"
2.1.1 Theory of Diffusion of Innovation  PAGEREF _Toc37 4604395 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604396"
2.1.2 Innovation Adoption Model  PAGEREF _Toc374604396 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604397"
2.1.3 Technology Acceptance Model  PAGEREF _Toc374604397 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604398"
2.1.4 Theory of Reasoned Action  PAGEREF _Toc374604398 \h
31 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604399"
2.1.5 Theory of Planned Behavior  PAGEREF _Toc374604399 \h
32 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604400"
2.1.6 Technology-organization-environment theory  PAGEREF _Toc374604400 \h
33 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604401"
2.1.7 The resource based theory  PAGEREF _Toc374604401 \h
34 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604402"
2.3 Types of e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604402 \h
35 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604403"
2.3.1 B2B  PAGEREF _Toc374604403 \h
35 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604404"
2.3.2 B2C  PAGEREF _Toc374604404 \h
37 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604405"
2.3.3 C2B  PAGEREF _Toc374604405 \h
37 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604406"
2.3.4 C2C  PAGEREF _ Toc374604406 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604407"
2.3.5 B2G  PAGEREF _Toc374604407 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604408"
2.3.6 M-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604408 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604409"
2.4 Distinction between e-commerce and e-business  PAGEREF _Toc374604409 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604410"
2.5 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604410 \h
40 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604411"
2.6 Relevance of the internet and ICT to e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604411 \h
41 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604412"
2.7 Benefits of E-commerce adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604412 \h
42 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604413"
2.8 E-Commerce and internet adoption models  PAGEREF _Toc374604413 \h
45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604414"
2.9 A review of Models of E-Commerce Implementation  PAGEREF _Toc374604414 \h
50 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604415"
2.10 Barriers to the Adoption of E-Commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604415 \h
55 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3746 04416"
2.10.1 Lack of awareness and knowledge on technology adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604416 \h
56 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604417"
2.10.2 Limited resources  PAGEREF _Toc374604417 \h
57 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604418"
2.10.3 Resistance to change and reluctance to take risks  PAGEREF _Toc374604418 \h
58 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604419"
2.10.4 Business characteristics  PAGEREF _Toc374604419 \h
59 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604420"
2.10.5 Lack of readiness for new technology  PAGEREF _Toc374604420 \h
60 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604421"
2.10.6 Lack of technology qualified personnel  PAGEREF _Toc374604421 \h
61 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604422"
2.10.7Lack of top management support  PAGEREF _Toc374604422 \h
62 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604423"
2.10.8 Time required in the implementation of e-commerce technologies  PAGEREF _Toc374604423 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604424"
2.10.9 Legal and security issues  PAGEREF _Toc374604424 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3 74604425"
2.10.10 Lack of public infrastructure to support the adoption of e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604425 \h
64 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604426"
2.10.11 Lack of external resources and support  PAGEREF _Toc374604426 \h
64 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604427"
2.10.12 Technological factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604427 \h
65 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604428"
2.10.13 Language barriers  PAGEREF _Toc374604428 \h
69 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604429"
2.10.14 Environmental factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604429 \h
70 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604430"
2.10.15 Internal business priorities  PAGEREF _Toc374604430 \h
72 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604431"
2.11 Policy Interventions for e-commerce adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604431 \h
73 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604432"
2.12 Online Shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604432 \h
74 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604433"
2.13 Empirical studies on online shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604433 \h
76 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604434"
2.13.1 Website factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604434 \h
77 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604435"
2.13.2 The value of online shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604435 \h
79 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604436"
2.13.3 Information quality  PAGEREF _Toc374604436 \h
82 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604437"
2.13.4 Trust in online system  PAGEREF _Toc374604437 \h
83 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604438"
2.13.5 Service quality  PAGEREF _Toc374604438 \h
85 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604439"
2.13.6 The effect of demographic factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604439 \h
87 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604440"
2.13.7 Risk perceptions  PAGEREF _Toc374604440 \h
89 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604441"
2.14 Theoretical model and research hypotheses  PAGEREF _Toc374604441 \h
90 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604442"
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  PAGEREF _Toc374604442 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604443"
3.1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc374604443 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604444"
3.2 Research Philosophy and Methods  PAGEREF _Toc374604444 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604445"
3.3 Research Methods  PAGEREF _Toc374604445 \h
98 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604446"
3.3.1 Mixed Research Approach  PAGEREF _Toc374604446 \h
100 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604447"
3.4Research Population and Sampling  PAGEREF _Toc374604447 \h
109 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604448"
3.4.1 Sampling for quantitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604448 \h
110 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604449"
3.4.2 Sampling for qualitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604449 \h
111 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604450"
3.5 Quantitative data collection - Survey method  PAGEREF _Toc374604450 \h
112 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604451"
3.6 Qualitative data collection - Interviews  PAGEREF _Toc374604451 \h
117 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604452"
3.7Pilot study  PAGEREF _Toc374604452 \h
118 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604453"
3.8 Operationalization of variables  PAGEREF _Toc374604453 \h
119 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604454"
3.9Quantitative data analysis  PAGEREF _Toc 374604454 \h
122 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604455"
3.10 Validity in quantitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604455 \h
133 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604456"
3.11Reliability of the survey instrument  PAGEREF _Toc374604456 \h
135 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604457"
3.12 Qualitative data analysis  PAGEREF _Toc374604457 \h
136 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604458"
3.13Trustworthiness of qualitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604458 \h
138 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604459"
3.14 Research Ethics  PAGEREF _Toc374604459 \h
141 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604460"
References  PAGEREF _Toc374604460 \h
144CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION1.0 Overview In this introductory chapter, the background situates this research within literature by providing information on the multifaceted nature of e-commerce and its benefits to firms, its place in the global economy, and the impact of the digital divide on e-commerce in least developed countries. Furthermore, this section presents the research setting fo r the study by examining the demography, culture, economy, and ICT sector in Yemen. After presenting this background information, the next section discussed is the problem statement that identifies the gap in literature that warrants the examination of this research topic. This is followed by highlighting the research questions and aims of the research. Moreover, the significance of the study to theory and organizational practice is described. The next section of this chapter defines the terms that are used in this study followed by a presentation of the overall organization of the entire study.1.1 Background of the StudyE-commerce is defi... E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption Research Paper - 41800 Words Economic Benefits of E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption (Research Paper Sample) Content: Economic Benefits of E-commerce in Yemen and Barriers to Adoption(Students Name)(Course Title)(Name of University) (Date of Submission) Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604377"
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc374604377 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604378"
1.0 Overview  PAGEREF _Toc374604378 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604379"
1.1 Background of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604379 \h
5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604380"
1.1.1 The Global Economy and E-Commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604380 \h
9e]\ HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604381"
1.1.2 E-commerce as a Multifaceted Innovation  PAGEREF _Toc374604381 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604382"
1.1.3 Digital Divide and ICT in Developing Countries  PAGEREF _Toc374604382 \h
15 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604383"
1.1.4 Population and Demography in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604383 \h
19 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604384"
1.1.5 Culture in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604384 \h
19 HYPERLI NK \l "_Toc374604385"
1.1.6 ICT Sector in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604385 \h
20 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604386"
1.1.7 Economy in Yemen  PAGEREF _Toc374604386 \h
22 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604387"
1.2 Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc374604387 \h
23 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604388"
1.3 Research Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc374604388 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604389"
1.4 Research Questions  PAGEREF _Toc374604389 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604390"
1.5 Significance of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604390 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604391"
1.6 Definition of Terms  PAGEREF _Toc374604391 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604392"
1.7 Organization of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc374604392 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604393"
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW  PAGEREF _Toc374604393 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604394"
2.1 Theoretical Overview  PAGEREF _Toc374604394 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604395"
2.1.1 Theory of Diffusion of Innovation  PAGEREF _Toc37 4604395 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604396"
2.1.2 Innovation Adoption Model  PAGEREF _Toc374604396 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604397"
2.1.3 Technology Acceptance Model  PAGEREF _Toc374604397 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604398"
2.1.4 Theory of Reasoned Action  PAGEREF _Toc374604398 \h
31 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604399"
2.1.5 Theory of Planned Behavior  PAGEREF _Toc374604399 \h
32 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604400"
2.1.6 Technology-organization-environment theory  PAGEREF _Toc374604400 \h
33 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604401"
2.1.7 The resource based theory  PAGEREF _Toc374604401 \h
34 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604402"
2.3 Types of e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604402 \h
35 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604403"
2.3.1 B2B  PAGEREF _Toc374604403 \h
35 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604404"
2.3.2 B2C  PAGEREF _Toc374604404 \h
37 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604405"
2.3.3 C2B  PAGEREF _Toc374604405 \h
37 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604406"
2.3.4 C2C  PAGEREF _ Toc374604406 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604407"
2.3.5 B2G  PAGEREF _Toc374604407 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604408"
2.3.6 M-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604408 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604409"
2.4 Distinction between e-commerce and e-business  PAGEREF _Toc374604409 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604410"
2.5 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604410 \h
40 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604411"
2.6 Relevance of the internet and ICT to e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604411 \h
41 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604412"
2.7 Benefits of E-commerce adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604412 \h
42 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604413"
2.8 E-Commerce and internet adoption models  PAGEREF _Toc374604413 \h
45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604414"
2.9 A review of Models of E-Commerce Implementation  PAGEREF _Toc374604414 \h
50 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604415"
2.10 Barriers to the Adoption of E-Commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604415 \h
55 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3746 04416"
2.10.1 Lack of awareness and knowledge on technology adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604416 \h
56 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604417"
2.10.2 Limited resources  PAGEREF _Toc374604417 \h
57 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604418"
2.10.3 Resistance to change and reluctance to take risks  PAGEREF _Toc374604418 \h
58 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604419"
2.10.4 Business characteristics  PAGEREF _Toc374604419 \h
59 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604420"
2.10.5 Lack of readiness for new technology  PAGEREF _Toc374604420 \h
60 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604421"
2.10.6 Lack of technology qualified personnel  PAGEREF _Toc374604421 \h
61 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604422"
2.10.7Lack of top management support  PAGEREF _Toc374604422 \h
62 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604423"
2.10.8 Time required in the implementation of e-commerce technologies  PAGEREF _Toc374604423 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604424"
2.10.9 Legal and security issues  PAGEREF _Toc374604424 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3 74604425"
2.10.10 Lack of public infrastructure to support the adoption of e-commerce  PAGEREF _Toc374604425 \h
64 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604426"
2.10.11 Lack of external resources and support  PAGEREF _Toc374604426 \h
64 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604427"
2.10.12 Technological factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604427 \h
65 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604428"
2.10.13 Language barriers  PAGEREF _Toc374604428 \h
69 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604429"
2.10.14 Environmental factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604429 \h
70 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604430"
2.10.15 Internal business priorities  PAGEREF _Toc374604430 \h
72 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604431"
2.11 Policy Interventions for e-commerce adoption  PAGEREF _Toc374604431 \h
73 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604432"
2.12 Online Shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604432 \h
74 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604433"
2.13 Empirical studies on online shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604433 \h
76 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604434"
2.13.1 Website factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604434 \h
77 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604435"
2.13.2 The value of online shopping  PAGEREF _Toc374604435 \h
79 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604436"
2.13.3 Information quality  PAGEREF _Toc374604436 \h
82 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604437"
2.13.4 Trust in online system  PAGEREF _Toc374604437 \h
83 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604438"
2.13.5 Service quality  PAGEREF _Toc374604438 \h
85 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604439"
2.13.6 The effect of demographic factors  PAGEREF _Toc374604439 \h
87 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604440"
2.13.7 Risk perceptions  PAGEREF _Toc374604440 \h
89 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604441"
2.14 Theoretical model and research hypotheses  PAGEREF _Toc374604441 \h
90 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604442"
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  PAGEREF _Toc374604442 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604443"
3.1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc374604443 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604444"
3.2 Research Philosophy and Methods  PAGEREF _Toc374604444 \h
96 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604445"
3.3 Research Methods  PAGEREF _Toc374604445 \h
98 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604446"
3.3.1 Mixed Research Approach  PAGEREF _Toc374604446 \h
100 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604447"
3.4Research Population and Sampling  PAGEREF _Toc374604447 \h
109 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604448"
3.4.1 Sampling for quantitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604448 \h
110 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604449"
3.4.2 Sampling for qualitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604449 \h
111 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604450"
3.5 Quantitative data collection - Survey method  PAGEREF _Toc374604450 \h
112 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604451"
3.6 Qualitative data collection - Interviews  PAGEREF _Toc374604451 \h
117 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604452"
3.7Pilot study  PAGEREF _Toc374604452 \h
118 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604453"
3.8 Operationalization of variables  PAGEREF _Toc374604453 \h
119 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604454"
3.9Quantitative data analysis  PAGEREF _Toc 374604454 \h
122 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604455"
3.10 Validity in quantitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604455 \h
133 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604456"
3.11Reliability of the survey instrument  PAGEREF _Toc374604456 \h
135 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604457"
3.12 Qualitative data analysis  PAGEREF _Toc374604457 \h
136 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604458"
3.13Trustworthiness of qualitative research  PAGEREF _Toc374604458 \h
138 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604459"
3.14 Research Ethics  PAGEREF _Toc374604459 \h
141 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc374604460"
References  PAGEREF _Toc374604460 \h
144CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION1.0 Overview In this introductory chapter, the background situates this research within literature by providing information on the multifaceted nature of e-commerce and its benefits to firms, its place in the global economy, and the impact of the digital divide on e-commerce in least developed countries. Furthermore, this section presents the research setting fo r the study by examining the demography, culture, economy, and ICT sector in Yemen. After presenting this background information, the next section discussed is the problem statement that identifies the gap in literature that warrants the examination of this research topic. This is followed by highlighting the research questions and aims of the research. Moreover, the significance of the study to theory and organizational practice is described. The next section of this chapter defines the terms that are used in this study followed by a presentation of the overall organization of the entire study.1.1 Background of the StudyE-commerce is defi...